2021-2022 Graduate Catalog

Ministry (DMin)

 

Doctor of Ministry

Name of Program: Doctor of Ministry
Credential: D. Min.

Introduction

The Doctor of Ministry (DMin) degree is a terminal professional doctorate that provides the opportunity for post-Master of Divinity (MDiv) education to pastors, missionaries, para-church ministry leaders, teachers, and other Christian leaders as a means to heightened professional development. The DMin at Capital Seminary and Graduate School provides academic coursework in several concentration areas and adds the elements of practical research and application. The delivery of the program does not require full-time residency for students. Through blended learning, ministry professionals are able to pursue intensive advanced study while remaining employed on a full-time basis in their vocational settings. Generally, the degree serves people who have earned the MDiv degree, are ordained, and are currently serving as associate or senior pastors, or as executives of church-related or other Christian institutions.

Program Purpose

The DMin promotes empirical research, creative reflection, and entrepreneurial application to the practice of ministry through interdisciplinary studies in Scripture, theology, and ministry practice. The degree’s purpose is to enhance the critical thinking, research, and leadership skills of persons engaged in the leadership of congregations or church-related institutions.

Program Philosophy

The Doctor of Ministry is a cohort-based program. Students will enter with a group of 10-14 other students. The cohort will follow a prescribed sequence of courses together. Because cohort learning involves a group of students who start and finish their degree together, students experience a number of educational advantages. Cohort learning, combined in a blended manner with both face-to-face and internet-enhanced learning, offers one of the most effective learning opportunities available to doctoral students. Genuine, rich, and deep relationships will be developed through the course of the program as students support and serve each other in the quest for knowledge. As part of a cohort group, doctoral level students will be expected to exhibit a posture of collaboration, not competition.

Educational Philosophy

This program combines faculty-mediated online interaction with face-to-face seminar participation. This model enables students to benefit from a range of educational delivery systems while maintaining the highest level of academic quality. Students participate in online discussions and other learning activities led by both the professor and fellow students. On campus interactions involve open dialogue in face-to-face seminar sessions led by nationally renowned and published faculty members.

Additional Information

Seminar Format

Using the blended learning model described above, each concentration seminar has three learning components:

  • Pre-Seminar Component (typically, 6 weeks): Students complete pre-seminar reading and assignments and participate in online, asynchronous discussions.
  • Face-to-Face Component: Seminars will be conducted at a pre-determined location (locations vary by concentration) and will consist of 24 hours of face-to-face seminar instruction.

Post-Seminar Component (typically, 6 weeks): Students complete post-seminar reading and assignments and participate in online, asynchronous discussions.


Locations offered

Lancaster-Blended

 

Program Director

Robert Reyes, Ph.D., CFLE 

Dr. Robert Reyes is originally from San Juan, Puerto Rico. He comes to us from Messiah University where he served since 2012 as professor of human development and family Science.  From 2007 to 2012 he served as research director for the Center for Intercultural Teaching and Learning (CITL) and professor of sociology at Goshen College (Goshen, Indiana). Before moving to Indiana in 2007, he served for 11 years at Messiah University as assistant and associate professor of human development and family science and director of the Latino Partnership program.

The aim of CITL was to understand and disseminate findings on the nature and/or process of intercultural education for Latino students. At CITL, Dr. Reyes was instrumental in the development of the Center’s post-doctoral research fellowship program as well as the development of a demographic/educational study of Latino students in North Central Indiana.

Dr. Reyes earned a Ph.D. in marriage and family studies (1995) and Master of Divinity in marriage and family (1992) from Fuller Seminary.  He is a Certified Family Life Educator and clinical fellow of the American Association of Marriage and Family Therapy. While at Fuller Seminary, Dr. Reyes was part of the Navy chaplains candidate program and volunteer as an assistant pastor for a Salvadorian group in Burbank, CA.

His research interests include the study of acculturative stress and coping among Latino families and the study of racial reconciliation. In studying racial reconciliation, the development of effective leadership strategies in the growth of urban multicultural/multiracial churches.

His wife Audrey is a Registered Dietitian and works as a clinical dietitian at West Shore Hospital in Enola, PA. They are also the proud parents of three wonderful children: Kelsey (22), Lyndsey (21) and Daniel (18). For fun he enjoys swimming, scuba diving, listening to audio books and traveling with his family.

 

 

Faculty List

E. Penny Clawson, EdD

Debra Johnson-Cortesi, PhD

Kevin Gushiken, PhD

Michael Anthony, PhD


Program Core Competencies

Three core competencies are developed through the Doctor of Ministry program. These include specialized skills, contextualized leadership skills, and action research skills.

Advanced Ministry Concentration - The student will gain the ability to think and execute skillfully in the field of Strategic Leadership.

Contextual Ministry Leadership Praxis – Building on the concentration study area, the student will gain skills in contextualized ministry leadership. All students take one seminar designed to create increased leadership competency in their particular concentration field. This seminar seeks to develop the skills of problem-solving, change management, and decision-making within the context of team leadership in the student’s concentration area.

Applied Action Research Skills - The student will gain skills in doing applied research for the purpose of increased ministry effectiveness. DMin students gain the basic skills needed to develop and implement a Ministry Research Project in a local ministry context. Lifelong research skills are developed which are transferable to ministry after the completion of the degree program.


DMin Curricular Structure/Degree Requirements

Overview of Program Competencies

The DMin program requires a minimum of two years of study. Students will complete 34 hours of academic study as follows:

Competencies and Credits for Each

Competencies Credits
Program Orientation  0
Advanced Ministry Concentration Seminars 16
Contextual Ministry Praxis Seminar 4
Applied Research Seminar

4

Mentored Research Design  4
Applied Research Dissertation 6
Program Total 34

Core Values

As a result of this program the student will do the following:

  1. Develop specialized skills within a specific concentration.
  2. Demonstrate contextualized leadership skills.
  3. Utilize action-applied research skills within their current ministry context.

Though not necessarily curricular in nature, these core values frame how the program is delivered:

Life-on-Life Learning – The best learning is done in community, so we are intentional about creating environments and experiences that promote collaboration.

Life-Engaged Learning – Focused on contextualization and application, we design programming for life and ministry-engaged learners.

Life-Long Learning – Our program is a learning journey designed to equip leaders with skills to implement and evaluate real change within their context for the rest of their lives.

Life-Change Learning – Though an academic pursuit, our degree is part of a discipleship process, leading participants to the development of a self-awareness and recognition of capacities.

Competency 1

Advanced Ministry Concentration

The student will gain the ability to think and execute skillfully in a selected field of ministry study. Concentrations include Chaplaincy Studies, Strategic Leadership and Formational Leadership.

MIN 810Nature of the Chaplaincy

4

MIN 811Marriage and Family Issues

4

MIN 812Addiction Counseling and Care

4

MIN 813Pastoral Care and Counseling in Grief, Loss and Crisis

4

MIN 840The Leader as Communicator and Vision-Caster

4

MIN 841Authentic, Transformational, and Servant Leadership

4

MIN 842Innovation and Change

4

MIN 843Strategic Initiatives and Partnerships

4

MIN 844Formational Leadership in the Digital Age

4

MIN 845The Spiritually Formed Leader

4

MIN 846Ministry Leadership in an Interconnected World

4

MIN 847Leadership Experssions, Soul Care, and the 21st Century Leader

4

Competency 2

Contextualization Ministry Leadership Praxis

Building on the concentration study area, the student will gain skills in contextualized ministry leadership. All students take one seminar designed to create increased leadership competency in their particular concentration field. This seminar seeks to develop the skills of problem-solving, change management, and decision-making within the context of team leadership in the student’s concentration area.


MIN 850Contextual Ministry Praxis Seminar

4

MIN 851Applied Research Seminar

4

Competency 3

Applied Action Research Skills

The student will gain skills in doing applied research for the purpose of increased ministry effectiveness. DMin students gain the basic skills needed to develop and implement a Ministry Research Project in a local ministry context. Lifelong research skills are developed which are transferable to ministry after the completion of the degree program.

MIN 890Mentored Research Design

4

MIN 891Applied Research Dissertation

6

Concentrations

Concentration 2

Strategic Leadership Concentration

As a result of this concentration, the student will do the following:

 

  1. Describe strategic leadership as portrayed in the Bible.
  2. Develop personal leadership knowledge and skills for the current ministry context.
  3. Generate a set of strategies for leading the current ministry context.
  4. Formulate an action plan for change within the current ministry context.
  5. Select a set of initiatives to increase the effectiveness of the leader within a current ministry context.
  6. Support conclusions identifying truth and discerning deception using critical thinking.
  7. Compose documents that express logical conclusions with support from scholarly literature gathered through research.
MIN 813Pastoral Care and Counseling in Grief, Loss and Crisis

4

MIN 842Innovation and Change

4

MIN 843Strategic Initiatives and Partnerships

4

MIN 844Formational Leadership in the Digital Age

4

MIN 850Contextual Ministry Praxis Seminar

4

MIN 851Applied Research Seminar

4

MIN 890Mentored Research Design

4

MIN 891Applied Research Dissertation

6

Application, Admission, Retention, and Graduation

Admission Requirements

Admissions Requirements 
Applicants must have: 
A completed application
A personal testimony of faith in Jesus Christ
An earned and accredited Master of Divinity (MDiv) degree or its equivalent
A minimum cumulative grade point average (GPA) of 2.75 (on a 4.0 scale) in previous master’s work
A minimum test score of 600 on the paper-based TOEFL General Test (250 on the computer-based exam or 100 for the Internet-based test) or an equivalent demonstration of the ability to read, write, and do academic research in standard English (If English is not his/her first language)
MAT or GRE scores from within the past 5 years
References
 

Application Process

Admissions Process 
Application files are not considered complete and students are not considered for admission until the following tasks are completed: 
Complete the DMin Application 
Pay $40 non-refundable application fee. (Checks made payable and mailed to “Capital Seminary & Graduate School”; or call the Business Office to make credit card payment)
Submit additional documents: 
o Official transcripts from all degree granting post-secondary schools attended
o Two Recommendations for Admissions forms (one academic, one pastoral) 
o Personal Testimony
o A 15-page graded research paper written at the master’s level
Complete Standardized Testing:
o Applicants must take and submit official test scores for the GRE (Graduate Record Exam) or the MAT (Miller Analogies Test).  Test scores may not be more than five years old.
o Applicants whose first language is not English must also submit scores for the Test of English as a Foreign Language exam (TEOFL).
Complete an Interview
o Students are required to complete an in-person or Zoom interview.

Application Response

Application Deadlines and Admission Evaluation
In order for an applicant to be considered for participation in a DMin cohort, all application requirements should be completed 90 day prior to the cohort start date. Once an application file is complete and the interview has taken place, Capital Seminary faculty will evaluate the applicant’s profile in terms of demonstrated and potential ability to complete doctoral studies successfully. The committee makes a consensus admission decision on applicants (five decisions are possible) using the following scale:
Full Acceptance: The applicant is fully accepted with no deficiencies or leveling requirements.
Accepted with Deficiencies: The applicant is accepted into the program with admission’s academic deficiencies identified.
Accepted on Review Status: The applicant is admitted pending further review. This may be because a part of the applicant ‘s application was incomplete (e.g. a score was not received in time) or because the applicant did not meet one of the admission’s requirements.
Delay: The applicant may receive an application delay. This may be due to the program being filled, a change in the student’s life situation, or an event preventing the applicant from attending the first program session. Delayed status applicant will not have to reapply to the program but must pay the program down payment fee.
Declined: The applicant who is declined will be notified by mail or email. Specific reasons for the decline are not provided.
Because of our priority on creating excellent cohort communities, admissions decisions are made and communicated approximately 60 days prior to the cohort start date rather than in connection to the date the application process is complete. 

Enrollment 

Prospective students who are offered admission have 30 days to accept or decline the offering of admission. Acceptance of admission requires a $500 deposit to hold a position in the cohort. Prospective students who fail to respond within 30 days automatically forfeit the offering of admission.

Doctor of Ministry students are automatically enrolled in upcoming seminars by Adult Learner Services, assuming they are in good academic and financial standing.

At the completion of the first year, students are automatically enrolled for the 4-credit “Mentored Research Design”. After successful defense of their Prospectus, they are registered for the 6-credit “Applied Research Dissertation”.


Retention

Continuation Fees and Statute of Limitations
The Capital Seminary and Graduate School Doctor of Ministry program is designed to be completed in three years. Students who have not completed their Applied Research Dissertation within three years of their cohort’s start date will be charged an administrative continuation fee of $1000 for each term (fall and spring) until the project is completed, or until the student withdraws from the program, or until the statute of limitations is reached. Completion of the Applied Research Dissertation refers to the student’s ARD having been successfully defended and accepted. The statute of limitations for the Doctor of Ministry program is 5 years. All requirements for graduation from the DMin program must be completed within 5 years of the student’s original cohort start date. 
a. The continuation fee applies to full-time students continuously enrolled in courses for three years.  If a student is part-time for a semester(s), the program director will determine when continuation fees will be charged to the student.  If a student takes a semester off, that semester does not count towards the three years.  For example, if a student takes one semester off, continuation fees will be applied after three and half years (three years + the semester the student took off).
b. Students who are defending their dissertations and thus completing the program that term will still be required to pay the fee.  Students who successfully defend their dissertations before the first day of class for a term will not be charged the fee even if revisions are required from their hearing.
c. Students who feel they have been prolonged by reader changes or other issues caused by Capital Seminary oversight will be directed to speak to the program director for special consideration. 
Special circumstances:  if students step out of the program for a semester or longer due to significant life circumstances, e.g. health issues, family matters, vocational changes, financial hardships, etc., they are responsible for making an agreement in writing with the program director that the semester(s) they withdrew from the program will not be counted towards the time limits stated in point 1 above.  A determination of the time limit will be assessed by the program director for all students who are part-time.
Waivers will only be granted if the above special circumstances apply.

Graduation

Graduation
In addition to completing all academic requirements for graduation, all financial obligations to the college must be paid in full before a doctoral student can graduate. 
Final versions of Applied Research Dissertation must be submitted to the Church & Ministry Leadership Department by May 1st in order to graduate Spring semester, or December 1st in order to graduate Fall semester. Incomplete submissions may delay graduation to the following semester.

Cap and Gown
The program tuition price automatically includes the cost of rented regalia appropriate for the acquired degree. Information on how to be measured for the cap and gown will be sent to graduates early in the semester of graduation. 
As a gift from the LBC|Capital, Doctor of Ministry graduates are welcome to keep their own cap, tassel, and hood. Graduates may purchase their own gown at a later date through the office of the Provost. 

Commencement
Doctor of Ministry graduates are expected to participate in a commencement ceremony. Ceremonies are typically offered in December and in May at the end of the Fall and Spring semesters, respectively. DMin graduates may have the opportunity to select a graduation location based on what ceremonies are scheduled at the time of their program completion. 


Program Design

Designed for "Life-Engaged" Learners

"Life-engaged" learners are students who are actively engaged in family, church, and professional life while participating in the doctoral program. While the program is intensive in nature, the time required on campus will not necessitate relocation or require students to leave their current leadership context. This is accomplished through an internet enhanced delivery model. Students are physically on campus for six days, three times in the first academic year only, in October, March, and July. Between these sessions, students are involved in an internet enhanced learning environment where interactions and assignments occur online.


Cohort Learning Community

The DMin is a cohort-based program. Students will enter the program with a group of 10 to 14 other students. This cohort follows a prescribed sequence of courses together. Because cohort learning involves a group of students who start and finish their degree together, students experience a number of educational advantages. Cohort learning, combined in a blended manner with both face-to-face and internet-enhanced learning, offers one of the most effective learning opportunities available to the doctoral student. Genuine, rich, and deep relationships will be developed through the course of the program as students support and serve each other in the quest for knowledge. As part of a cohort group, doctoral level students will be expected to ground their research in significant and pertinent literature and to share resources with their colleagues in preparation for on-site seminars.


Internet Enhanced Learning

This program combines faculty-mediated online interaction with face-to-face seminar participation. This model enables students to benefit from a range of educational delivery systems while maintaining the highest standards of academic quality. Students participate in online discussions and other learning activities led by both the professor and fellow students. On campus interactions involve open dialogue in face-to-face seminar sessions led by nationally renowned and published faculty members.

Using a mediated learning model described above, each course has three learning components.

Pre-Seminar Component: During the six weeks prior to each seminar, students complete readings and other pre-seminar assignments. During this component of the course, students are required to participate at least three hours each week in online discussions led by the professor.

Face-to-Face Component: Seminars will be conducted at the Lancaster site or at an approved site using an accelerated format. Each seminar will consist of 24 hours of face-to-face seminar instruction. Research seminars will engage students in critical reflection with the seminar content.

Post-Seminar Component: During the six weeks following the face-to-face component of the seminar, students complete post-seminar readings and research. Students will also participate three hours each week in online discussions led by students in the cohort.

Program Director

 Dr. Kevin Gushiken

 

  DMin Faculty

These individuals have full-time or part-time appointments on the faculty and will serve this program. Other full-time, adjunct and part-time faculty will be engaged as the program progresses in its development.

 

Resident Faculty:

 

Adjunct Faculty:

Michael Badriaki, DMin Wayne Cordeiro, DMin
E. Penny Clawson, EdD Krish Kandiah, PhD
Guy Higashi, PhD Thomas Kiedis, PhD, DMin
Richard Rhoads, DMin John Wheatley, EdD

Core Values

Though not necessarily curricular in nature, these core values frame how the program is delivered:

  1. Life-on-Life Learning – The best learning is done in community, so we are intentional about creating environments and experiences that promote collaboration.
  2. Life-Engaged Learning – Focused on contextualization and application, we design programming for life and ministry-engaged learners.
  3. Life-Long Learning – Our program is a learning journey designed to equip leaders with skills to implement and evaluate real change within their context for the rest of their lives.
  4. Life-Change Learning – Though an academic pursuit, our degree is part of a discipleship process, leading participants to the development of a self-awareness and recognition of capacities.

Core Competencies

As a result of this program the student will do the following:

  1. Develop specialized skills within a specific concentration.
  2. Demonstrate contextualized leadership skills.
  3. Utilize action-applied research skills within their current ministry context.

Strategic Leadership Concentration Competencies

As a result of this concentration, the student will do the following:

  • Describe strategic leadership as portrayed in the Bible.
  • Develop personal leadership knowledge and skills for the current ministry context.
  • Generate a set of strategies for leading the current ministry context.
  • Formulate an action plan for change within the current ministry context.
  • Select a set of initiatives to increase the effectiveness of the leader within a current ministry context.
  • Support conclusions identifying truth and discerning deception using critical thinking.
  • Compose documents that express logical conclusions with support from scholarly literature gathered through research.

Chaplaincy Students Concentration Competencies

As a result of this concentration, the student will do the following:

  • Describe the role and responsibilities of a chaplain within the current ministry context.
  • Model effective chaplaincy skills within the current ministry context.
  • Compose a plan for the growth of the chaplaincy within the current ministry context from a biblical perspective.
  • Formulate an action plan for change within the current ministry context.
  • Select a set of initiatives to increase the effectiveness of the leader within a current ministry context.
  • Support conclusions identifying truth and discerning deception using critical thinking.
  • Compose documents that express logical conclusions with support from scholarly literature gathered through research.

Formational Leadership Concentration Competencies

As a result of this concentration, the student will do the following:

  • Examine both the internal life of a spiritual leader and the outward expressions of leadership.
  • Develop biblical practices for healthy soul care and character development.
  • Design a plan for personal formational leadership within the current ministry context.
  • Select a set of initiatives to increase the effectiveness of the leader within a current ministry context.
  • Support conclusions identifying truth and discerning deception using critical thinking.
  • Compose documents that express logical conclusions with support from scholarly literature gathered through research.

Program Design - DMin

Designed for "Life-Engaged" Learners

"Life-engaged" learners are students who are actively engaged in family, church, and professional life while participating in the doctoral program. While the program is intensive in nature, the time required on campus will not necessitate relocation or require students to leave their current leadership context. This is accomplished through an internet enhanced delivery model. Students are physically on campus for six days, three times in the first academic year only, in October, March, and July. Between these sessions, students are involved in an internet enhanced learning environment where interactions and assignments occur online.

Cohort Learning Community

The DMin is a cohort-based program. Students will enter the program with a group of 10 to 14 other students. This cohort follows a prescribed sequence of courses together. Because cohort learning involves a group of students who start and finish their degree together, students experience a number of educational advantages. Cohort learning, combined in a blended manner with both face-to-face and internet-enhanced learning, offers one of the most effective learning opportunities available to the doctoral student. Genuine, rich, and deep relationships will be developed through the course of the program as students support and serve each other in the quest for knowledge. As part of a cohort group, doctoral level students will be expected to ground their research in significant and pertinent literature and to share resources with their colleagues in preparation for on-site seminars.

Internet Enhanced Learning

This program combines faculty-mediated online interaction with face-to-face seminar participation. This model enables students to benefit from a range of educational delivery systems while maintaining the highest standards of academic quality. Students participate in online discussions and other learning activities led by both the professor and fellow students. On campus interactions involve open dialogue in face-to-face seminar sessions led by nationally renowned and published faculty members.

Using a mediated learning model described above, each course has three learning components.

Pre-Seminar Component: During the six weeks prior to each seminar, students complete readings and other pre-seminar assignments. During this component of the course, students are required to participate at least three hours each week in online discussions led by the professor.

Face-to-Face Component: Seminars will be conducted at the Lancaster site or at an approved site using an accelerated format. Each seminar will consist of 24 hours of face-to-face seminar instruction. Research seminars will engage students in critical reflection with the seminar content.

Post-Seminar Component: During the six weeks following the face-to-face component of the seminar, students complete post-seminar readings and research. Students will also participate three hours each week in online discussions led by students in the cohort.

Graduation Requirements

In order to graduate with the DMin degree, the student must have fulfilled all of the following:

  • Complete all work with B- grade or above in all seminars.
  • Successfully write and defend the applied research dissertation.
  • Submit an edited dissertation for publication and binding.
  • Fulfill all financial obligations to Capital Seminary and Graduate School.
  • Complete the program within the statute of limitations period.
  • Adherence to biblical standards and ethics in living one's lifestyle.
  • Participate in the graduation and hooding ceremony.

Application & Admissions

Admission Criteria

Applicants must have:

  • A personal testimony of faith in Jesus Christ
  • An earned and accredited Master of Divinity (MDiv) degree or its equivalent
  • A minimum cumulative grade point average (GPA) of 2.75 (on a 4.0 scale) in previous master's work
  • A minimum test score of 600 on the paper-based TOEFL General Test (250 on the computer-based exam or 100 for the Internet-based test) or an equivalent demonstration of the ability to read, write, and do academic research in standard English (If English is not his/her first language)
  • MAT or GRE scores from within the past 5 years
  • Employer permission to complete the program
  • References

Application Process

Application files are not considered complete and students are not considered for admission until the following tasks are completed:

  • Complete the Doctor of Ministry Program Application
  • Pay $40 non-refundable application fee. (Checks made payable and mailed to "Lancaster Bible College"; or call the Solution Center to make credit card payment)
  • Submit additional documents:
    • Official transcripts from all degree granting post-secondary schools attended
    • Three Recommendation for Admissions forms (one academic, one character, one pastoral)
    • Employer Approval Form
    • Personal Testimony
    • A 15-page graded research paper written at the master's level
  • Submit a Personal Vita which includes, in the following order:
    • A brief description of previous academic studies
    • A brief description of rationale and goals for pursuing doctoral studies
    • A brief description of the areas of ministry research the applicant might be interested in exploring during doctoral studies
    • A list of writings the applicant has had published, if any
    • A detailed description of current occupational responsibilities. The applicant should identify and explain any leadership tasks in which he/she is currently engaged
    • A detailed listing of previous ministry and/or experiences indicating the significant tasks and leadership responsibilities, if any
  • Complete Standardized Testing:
    • Applicants must take and submit official test scores for the GRE (Graduate Record Exam) or the MAT (Miller Analogies Test). Test scores may not be more than five years old.
    • Applicants whose first language is not English must also submit scores for the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language).
  • Complete an Interview
    • Students are required to come to campus for an admissions interview.

Application Response

Applicants who have submitted all application materials will be notified of the admissions decision approximately two months prior to the cohort's start date. Five decisions are possible.

Full Acceptance - The applicant is fully accepted with no deficiencies or leveling requirements.

Accepted with Deficiencies - The applicant is accepted into the program with admission deficiencies identified. The program director will oversee the implementation of a remedial plan towards full acceptance.

Accepted on Review Status - The applicant is admitted pending further review. This may be because a part of the application was incomplete (e.g. a score for a test was not received in time) or because the applicant did not meet one of the admissions requirements.

Delay - The applicant may receive an application delay. This may be due to the program being filled, a change in the applicant's life situation, or an event preventing the applicant from attending the first program session. Delayed status applicants will not have to reapply to the program but must pay the program down payment fee.

Declined - The applicant who is declined will be notified by mail or email. Specific reasons for the decline are not provided.